Performance characteristics of high carbon steel

Keywords: high carbon steel, hardness, strength
Advantage of high carbon steel:
1. High hardness (HRC60-65) and good wear resistance can be obtained after heat treatment.
2. The hardness is moderate under annealing and has good machinability.
3. The raw materials are easy to obtain and the production cost is low.

Disadvantages of high carbon steel:
1. Poor thermosetting. When the working temperature of the tool is greater than 200°C, its hardness and wear resistance drop sharply.
2. Low hardenability. The diameter of the completely hardened water quenching is generally only 15 to 18 mm; the large diameter or thickness (95% martensite) which is completely hardened during oil quenching is only about 6 mm, and is easily deformed and cracked.

The hardness and strength of high carbon steel mainly depend on the amount of carbon dissolved in the steel and increase with the amount of solid solution carbon. When the amount of solid solution carbon exceeds 0.6%, the hardness does not increase after quenching, but the amount of excess carbide increases, the wear resistance of the steel increases slightly, and the plasticity, toughness and elasticity decrease. For this reason, different steel grades are often used depending on the conditions of use and the strength and toughness of the steel. For example, to create a spring or spring-loaded part that is less stressed, a lower carbon 65 steel can be selected. Generally, high carbon steel can be produced by electric furnace, open hearth furnace and oxygen converter. When high quality or special quality is required, electric furnace smelting plus vacuum self-consumption or electroslag remelting can be used. When smelting, the chemical composition, especially the sulfur and phosphorus content, is strictly controlled. In order to reduce segregation and improve isotropic performance, ingots can be subjected to high temperature diffusion annealing (especially important for tool steels). In hot working, the temperature of stop forging (rolling) of hypereutectoid steel is low (about 800°C). After forging and rolling, the precipitation of coarse network carbide should be avoided. Under 700°C, slow cooling should be taken to prevent thermal stress. Cause cracks. Prevent surface decarburization during heat treatment or hot working (especially important for spring steel). There must be sufficient compression ratio during hot working to ensure the quality and performance of the steel.


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