Carbon Steel

Manufacturing process 
Carbon steel smelting usually carried out in the converter, open hearth. BOF general ordinary carbon steel smelting, and a variety of high-quality open-hearth steel can be smelt. BOF steelmaking technology has developed rapidly, there is a tendency to replace the open-hearth steelmaking. The refining of molten steel ingot mold injection, you get all kinds of steel ingot. After forging or rolling ingot after processing into steel, steel bars, and various cross-sectional shapes of steel. Carbon steel is generally used directly in the hot-rolled condition. When used in the manufacture of tools and various machine parts, you need to be heat treated in accordance with the requirements; As for steel castings, most should be heat-treated. 

Chemical composition
Chemical composition performance depends largely on carbon steel and carbon steel microstructure. In the annealed or hot-rolled state, with increasing carbon content of the steel increases strength and hardness, ductility and toughness and fall. Weldability and cold-formed deteriorated. Therefore, structural steel works, often limit the carbon content. Carbon steel elements and the residual impurity elements such as manganese, silicon, nickel, phosphorus, sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon steel also affects performance. Sometimes these effects reinforce each other, and sometimes against each other. For example: ① sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen can increase the hot brittleness of steel, and can reduce the amount of manganese or partially offset the thermal brittleness. ② residual elements manganese, nickel and outside to reduce the impact toughness of steel, an increase of cold brittleness. ③ lower intensity except sulfur and oxygen, the other impurity elements are to increase the strength of steel in different degrees. ④ almost all of impurity elements can reduce the ductility and weldability. Hydrogen in the steel can cause many serious defects, such as white spots, dots segregation, hydrogen embrittlement, cracks and other surface bubbling and weld heat-affected zone. To ensure the quality of steel, the steel must be reduced as much as possible the content of hydrogen (see stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen embrittlement). Deoxy into the residual elements such as aluminum, can reduce the aging tendency of low-carbon steel, grain refinement can also improve the steel toughness at low temperatures, but not too much margin. Residual elements in the charge brought in such as nickel, chromium, molybdenum, copper, etc., while high levels can improve the steel hardenability, but requires a high plasticity of special steel, such as deep drawing steel, it is unfavorable. 

Processing performance 
Most carbon steel smelting furnace use oxygen converter peace, high-quality carbon steel use electric arc furnace production also. Depending on the degree of deoxygenation steelmaking process, carbon steel can be divided killed steel rimmed steel and semi-killed steel ranged between. Affecting the performance of steel smelting method is mainly by the purity of the steel works. People by vacuum treatment, and blowing refining technology, higher purity are obtained steel, thereby significantly improving the quality of the carbon steel. Plastic processing technology of carbon steel is usually hot and cold. After thermal processing, steel ingot in the small bubbles, osteoporosis and other defects are welded together to make steel dense tissue. Meanwhile, thermal processing can destroy cast structure, grain refinement. So wrought steel than cast has better mechanical properties. The cold steel, cold plastic deformation with increased strength and increased hardness, lower ductility and toughness. To improve the yield, widely used in continuous casting process.